Conclusion The liposomal formulation was able to induce adequate anesthesia in palatal mucosa during dental extraction, avoiding the local anesthetic infiltration. For the first time, a topical formulation allowed upper molars surgical removal without injection of any local anesthetic agent into palatal mucosa in adults.Background The level of satisfaction of donors with the blood donation system is an important factor which influences their intent to return for future donation. A 25-item questionnaire on the satisfaction of blood donors has been recently proposed to assess the donor satisfaction with the service provided by a blood bank. The objective of this study was to present a proposal for application and interpretation of a BDSQ considering a sample of blood donors of a Brazilian blood bank. Methods A sample of 1019 blood donors at the Regional Hemotherapy Center of Franca, Brazil, answered the BDSQ. A top-box analysis was used to assess the associations between the variables characterizing the profiles of blood donors and their overall satisfaction with the service provided by the blood bank. We proposed the use of a performance-importance plot (PIP) for the interpretation of the 25 items of the BDSQ. Results Older donors are more likely to report lower overall satisfaction with the service provided by the blood bank. PIP allows us to classify the items of BDSQ into long- and short-term improvement opportunities as well as into motivational and hygiene factors. Motivational factors (i.e. attributes that promote overall satisfaction when present) tend to be associated with the treatment offered by the blood bank staff. Donors seem to give more importance to the interpersonal aspects than to the physical structure of the service and other aspects of convenience. Conclusions Top-box analysis and PIP proved to be efficient strategies to interpret the results of the BDSQ.Background Recent analysis on the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) within Europe indicates an increase in fall-related injuries and in the incidence of hospitalization among older adults as well as a decrease in contribution of road traffic accidents (RTA). Given the paucity of recent national data, we analyzed TBI-related admissions from the Athens Head Trauma Registry during the largest part of the past decade (2010-2018), a period marked by a profound national socioeconomic crisis. Methods Demographic and clinical data of admitted TBI patients were collected and analyzed statistically. Results The mean age of patients (N=2042, 68% men) was 59 years (median 64 years). Patient age showed an upward trend across the study period. Most cases were mild, while moderate and severe injuries were indicated in, 11% and 20%, respectively. Falls were the predominant cause of injury (46% of cases), followed by RTA (38%). An upward trend in the frequency of fall-related injury was apparent across the study period; RTA-related injury frequency displayed a downward trend during the second part of the study period. Assault-related injury accounted for 6%. Surgery took place in 11% of cases. In-hospital mortality (IHM) was 21%. Fall-related mortality contributed to 56% of total IHM; RTA-related mortality contributed to 30%. The mean length of hospital stay was 13 days (median 5 days). Conclusions The present findings suggest a shift in the epidemiologic profile of TBI patients in Greece with a rise in the proportion of elderly patients, a concomitant increase in fall-related injuries and a reduction in RTA-related injury. They also highlight fall-related injury as the predominant cause of IHM. Our results point towards the urgent need for the intensification of fall prevention strategies, continuing medical education as well as public information campaigns on the risks of geriatric fall-related injury.Background Fracture fixation has advanced significantly with the introduction of locked plating and minimally invasive surgical techniques. However, healing complications occur in up to 10% of cases, of which a significant portion may be attributed to unfavorable mechanical conditions at the fracture. Moreover, state-of-the-art plates are prone to failure from excessive loading or fatigue. A novel biphasic plating concept has been developed to create reliable mechanical conditions for timely bone healing and simultaneously improve implant strength. This paper introduces the novel fixation concept and presents preclinical results from a large animal study. Methods Twenty-four sheep underwent a mid-diaphyseal osteotomy stabilized with either the novel biphasic plate fixator or a control locking plate. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/CAL-101.html Different fracture patterns regarding orientation and localization were investigated. Animals were free to fully bear weight during the post-operative period. After 12 weeks, the healing fractures were evaluated foncept.Background Forearm fractures are one of the top three most common fractures in children. Treatment often includes immobilizing the arm in a cast extending above the elbow to help maintain fracture reduction and alignment. Complications from circumferential casting can occur including swelling in the forearm that can lead to neurovascular complications. About 16% of children require splitting of the cast to relieve the increased pressure. Our study investigates the impact the location of the split has on cast bending stiffness in an above elbow cast model. Methods A Sawbones© pediatric forearm model was used for application of a hybrid plaster-fiberglass cast to simulate treatment of a pediatric forearm fracture. The plaster was allowed to set for 20 minutes followed by application of a single fiberglass layer. The casts set for at least 24 hours and were then left intact or split along one of their 4 axes. Once categorized, the casts were subjected to biomechanical testing using an Instron ElectroPlus 10000 wm load to failure. Clinical relevance To analyze the effect of splitting an above elbow cast on bending stiffness.Background Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) reconstruction is routinely undertaken to manage chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). This study evaluated the effects on clinical outcome of preserving or not preserving the ATFL remnant when reconstructing the ATFL. Methods From January 2015 to July 2017, 53 CLAI patients with ATFL injury were randomized to undergo either a remnant-preserving (preservation of ATFL) or a non-preserving (no preservation of ATFL) anatomic reconstruction of the ATFL using an ipsilateral free semitendinosus tendon autograft. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Karlsson Ankle Functional Score (KAFS), Anterior Talar Translation (ATT), and ankle proprioceptive recovery in both groups were compared. Results All patients were followed up for at least 2 years, VAS, AOFAS, KAFS, ATT and ankle proprioception between two the groups were not statistically significant different. Conclusion There are no differences at 2.5 years in postoperative ankle function, stability and proprioceptive recovery when an ipsilateral free semitendinosus tendon autograft is used to manage CLAI regardless of preservation of the remnant ATFL.